ERYA

ERYA
ERYA

ERYA [EUL-YA]

Le plus ancien des dictionnaires chinois, un des treize classiques du confucianisme. Le Erya n’est pas un dictionnaire de caractères, mais un vocabulaire avec des explications. Ce vocabulaire paraît surtout emprunté au Livre des odes ou Shi jing , dont les expressions dialectales nécessitent une «interprétation en langue courtoise» (tel est le sens du titre). D’abord attribué au duc de Zhou, il est ensuite tenu par les philologues de l’époque Han pour l’œuvre d’un des disciples de Confucius (et non du Maître lui-même). Mais, de son côté, Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072) suppose que ce vocabulaire est l’œuvre de savants de l’époque Han et qu’il est destiné à fournir des gloses sur des expressions du Shi jing . Les mots et expressions sont répartis, dans le Erya , en dix-sept catégories: métaphores, expressions dialectales, auxiliaires descriptifs, parenté, architecture, ciel, terre, collines, montagnes, eaux, herbes, arbres, insectes, poissons, oiseaux, mammifères, animaux domestiques.

Encyclopédie Universelle. 2012.

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